angleščina

Modal verbs

Modalnost je pojem, ki označuje govorčev odnos ali obveznosti do okolice. Njegov odnos je izražen z uporabo modalnih glagolov, ki jim v angleščini pravimo modal verbs.

Primer

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Značilnosti modalnih glagolov

Za modalne glagole je značilno, da:

Ne spreminjajo oblike

Modalni glagoli ne spreminjajo oblike, kar pomeni, da:
- ne prevzamejo končnice -s za osebe he/ she/ it,
- ne prevzamejo končnice -ed za tvorjenje preteklika,
- ne prevzamejo končnice -ing.
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V stavku ne morejo nastopati samostojno

Pravi modalni glagol ne določa nobenega dejanja, zato ob sebi potrebuje polnopomenski glagol.

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Odražajo različne pomene

Isti modalni glagol izraža več pomenov, ki so odvisni od načina njegove uporabe in konteksta, v katerem se modalni glagol pojavi v stavku.

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Vrste modalnih glagolov

V angleškem jeziku poznamo več vrst modalnih glagolov:

Pravi modalni glagoli
- can
- could
- may
- might
- must
- shall
- should
- will
- would
- ought to
Glagoli, ki so lahko obenem polnopomenski in modalni
- be
- need
- have
- dare
- used to
Modalne strukture
- be allowed to
- be able to
- had better
- manage to

Pregled modalnih glagolov

V nadaljevanju sledi pregled modalnih glagolov, njihovih pomenov in primerov uporabe.

pomen	modalni glagol	primer uporabe
zmožnost (ability)	can, could, be able	I can see very well. I couldn't swim when I was a child. I am able to sing very well.
verjetnost (possibility, probability)	can, could, may, might,	I could come home by 8pm. They may call anytime now. She might listen to you.
prošnja (request)	can, could, will, would, may	Can I go out? Could you come over, please? May I give you a kiss? Will you take me to school? Would you open the window, please?
dovoljenje (permission)	can, could, may	You can go out not. You could take me home. They may have some cake now.
nasvet, priporočilo ali mnenje (advice, suggestion, opinion)	should, ought to,	People shouldn't sit all day. You ought to eat healthier. I think they should come over.
nujnost, obveznost (necessity, obligation)	be to, have to, must, need, should, ought to (blaga obveza)	You are to be home by 8 pm. You have to be polite. I must stop smoking. They need to do their homework. Childern should/ought to be in bed early.
prepoved (prohibition)	mustn't, not to be	You mustn't drink and drive. You are not to see him again.
neobveznost, odsotnost nujnosti (absence of obligation and necessity)	not have to, not need to	He doesn't have to go to work today. She needn't come home early.
gotovost (certainty)	must, ought to, should, will	It must have been raining all night. There ought to be food in the fridge. He should be home any time now.
navade (habits, habitual actions)	would, used to	Dad would come pick me up every day. Dolly used to eat a lot of sweets.

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